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One hundred Alzheimer′s disease (AD) patients with behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) treated with donepezil+risperidone group ( n=50, group 1) or hydrochloride memantine+risperidone group ( n=50, group 2) in geriatric departments of Hangzhou Seventh People′s Hospital were enrolled in the study. Montreal cognitive assessment scale (MoCA), positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS), treatment emergent symptom scale (TESS) were applied for evaluation; and blood routine examination, blood biochemistry, eletrocardiogram were performed in two groups before and after treatment. After treatment, MoCA score in group 2 (16.10±3.90) was significantly higher than that in group 1 (18.14±3.71)( t=-3.99, P<0.01), and PANSS score in group 2 (86.66±6.62) was significantly lower than that in group 1 (109.50±11.51; t=12.67, P<0.01). The incidence rates of dry mouth (16%,8/50), extrapyramidal side effects (10%,5/50) and the total score of TESS (3.92±2.02) in group 2 were markedly lower than those of group 1 [44%(22/50), 36%(18/50), (12.49±1.45);χ 2=9.33,9.54, t=17.90,all P<0.01]. Meanwhile, group 2 had significantly lower influences on the levels of blood lipids and fasting blood glucose (all P<0.01). The risperidone dose used in group 2 was significantly lower than that in group 1 [(2.06±0.50) vs. (3.85±0.89)mg, t=14.40, P=0.04].The results suggest that hydrochloridememantine combined with risperidone is more effective with less side effects compared to donepezil combined with risperidone for AD patients with BPSD.
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OBJECTIVES: Pseudolaric acid B (PAB) has been shown to inhibit the growth of various tumor cells, but the molecular details of its function are still unknown. This study investigated the molecular mechanisms by which PAB induces apoptosis in HeLa cells. METHODS: The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays were performed to investigate the effect of PAB treatment in various cervical cancer cell lines. Annexin V/propidium iodide staining combined with flow cytometry and Hoechst 33258 staining were used to assess PAB-induced apoptosis. Additionally, we performed bioinformatics analyses and identified a paired box 2 (PAX2) binding site on the BAX promoter. We then validated the binding using luciferase and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Finally, western blotting assays were used to investigate PAB effect on the Wnt signaling and the involved signaling molecules. RESULTS: PAB promotes apoptosis and downregulates PAX2 expression in HeLa cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. PAX2 binds to the promoter of BAX and inhibits its expression; therefore, PAX2 inhibition is associated with increased levels of BAX, which induces apoptosis of HeLa cells via the mitochondrial pathway. Additionally, PAB inhibits classical Wnt signaling. CONCLUSION: PAB effectively inhibits Wnt signaling and PAX2 expression, and increases BAX levels, which induce apoptosis in HeLa cells. Therefore, PAB is a promising natural molecule for the treatment of cervical cancer.
Subject(s)
Humans , Apoptosis , Binding Sites , Bisbenzimidazole , Blotting, Western , Cell Line , Chromatin Immunoprecipitation , Computational Biology , Flow Cytometry , HeLa Cells , Luciferases , Mitochondria , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms , Wnt Signaling PathwayABSTRACT
Objective To systematically review the efficacy and safety of prolapse surgery versus combined prolapse and midurethral sling surgery in women with pelvic organ prolapse and stress urinary incontinence.Methods Databases including PubMed,EMbase,the Cochrane Library(Issue 7,2016),Web of Knowledge,CNKI,CBM,WanFang Data and VIP were searched from inception to July 31th 2016,to collect randomized controlled trial(RCT) of combined prolapse and midurethral sling surgery versus prolapse surgery for pelvic organ prolapse and stress urinary incontinence.Two reviewers independently screened literature,extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies.Then,meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software.Results A total of 4 RCT involving 446 patients were included.The results of meta-analysis showed that,for postoperative outcomes,compared with prolapse surgery,the incidence of urinary incontinence,stress urinary incontinence,urgency urinary incontinence,any treatment for SUI,surgery for stress urinary incontinence[RR=0.57,95%CI(0.46~0.70),P<0.000;RR=0.24,95%CI(0.10~0.60),P=0.002;RR=0.58,95%CI(0.39~0.85,P=0.006;RR=0.20,95%CI(0.06~0.67),P=0.009;RR=0.07,95%CI(0.01~0.56),P=0.010]were lower in combined prolapse and midurethral sling surgery.For complications,the incidence of bladder perforation or injury,urinary tract infection,incomplete bladder emptying at 1 week[RR=9.72,95%CI(1.78~53.01),P=0.009;RR=1.77,95%CI(1.23~2.54),P=0.002;RR=1.39,95%CI(1.06~1.81),P=0.020]were higher in combined prolapse and midurethral sling surgery,while there were no statistical differences between the two groups in the incidence of voiding dysfunction,vaginal tape erosion,major bleeding or vascular complication.Conclusion For women with pelvic organ prolapse and stress urinary incontinence,compared to prolapse surgery,the incidence of urinary incontinence and treatment of urinary incontinence is lower in combined prolapse and midurethral sling surgery,the incidence of partial complications is higher in combined prolapse and midurethral sling surgery.Due to the limited quality and quantity of the included studies,more high quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusion.
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As a new type of treatment for ovarian cancer,the fertility sparing surgery is put forward for patients who has fertility requirements and the surgical indication.But the indications and safety are still controversial at present on the international.The operation is based on the traditional surgery way,the retention of the uterus and at least one side of the ovary,and then the corresponding adjuvant chemotherapy and ovarian protection,and choosing the right pregnancy timing based on individual difference,to the excellent oncologic outcomes and the favorable reproductive outcomes.
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Objective To investigate the expressions of minichromosome maintenance protein 5 (MCM5)and P1 6 INK4A gene and protein in cervical squamous cell cancer (SCC),cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)and normal tissues.Methods Real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry were used respectively to detect the expression levels of mRNA and protein of MCM5 and P1 6 INK4A in 40 cases of cervical cancer,1 1 cases of CIN I,1 5 cases of CIN Ⅱ - Ⅲ and 1 5 cases of normal cervical tissues.Results ① The expression levels of mRNA and protein of MCM5 and P1 6 INK4A in tissues of cervical squamous cell cancer were significantly higher than those in normal cervical tissues,CIN I and CIN Ⅱ-Ⅲ tissues (P 0.05 ).② The high expression of MCM5 mRNA and protein in cervical squamous cell carcinoma was positively correlated with clinical stage and differentiation grade of cervical cancer (P 0.05).P1 6 INK4A expression exhibited no correlation with clinical stage or age of patients (P >0.05),but positive correlation with differentiation grade (P <0.01).③ A positive correlation was found between MCM5 and P1 6 INK4A expressions in cervical cancer (r = 0.538,P <0.01).Conclusion The over-expressions of MCM5 and P1 6 INK4A may play an important role in the carcinogenesis and progression of cervical cancer.MCM5 may be used as a new marker of the proliferation of cervical cancer. Detection of P1 6 INK4A and MCM5 is of great significance to studying the grade and outcome of CIN,which may improve the rate of cervical cancer screening.
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@#Depression is a common comorbid condition in Parkinson's disease (PD) and a major contributor to poor quality of life and disability. However, depression can be difficult to assess in patients with PD due to overlapping symptoms and difficulties in the assessment of depression in cognitively impaired patients, several rating scales have been used to assess depression in PD. Tricyclic and new selective antidepressants including serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors appear to be effective in treating depression in PD. Clinical investigation indicate antidepressive effects in PD.
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Objective:To investigate the effects of IL-2 on the proliferation activity and HCG secretion of first trimester human trophoblastic cells in vitro. Methods:Growing -well 4th generation trophoblastic cells were selected,cultured for 48 h with IL-2 of different concentration. The MTT colorimetric assay was used to analyze the proliferation activity, and radioimmunoassay was used to analyze the secretion of HCG. Results:①Low concentration (100 U/ml,400 U/ml) IL-2 promoted proliferation activity and HCG secretion (P